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Quick Guide to the World Tipiṭaka & This Website

How to read canonical citations, navigate the 40 volumes and 88 books, use interactive badges and footnotes, cross-reference printed editions, and pronounce Roman and IPA Pāḷi (adapted from the Dhamma Society Quick Guide ↗).

1. Quick Navigation & Keyboard Shortcuts

Instant Citation & Book Lookup

Press ⌘K (or Ctrl+K / /) anywhere on the site—or click the search button at the top of the sidebar—to open the Quick Jump & Citation Lookup dialog:

  • Jump to an exact paragraph: Type 1V:2, 18Dh:1, or 24Mn:1898 and press Enter to jump straight to that paragraph in the text.
  • Find any book: Type a book code (6D, 19Th1, 40P24) or title (Dhammapada, Mahāvagga, Paṭṭhāna).
  • Search across all 5 indices: Type any Pāḷi word or phrase to search the Word Index, Verses, TOC, or Critical Notes with one click.

Reader Keyboard & URL Conventions

2. Anatomy of a Tipiṭaka Page & Interactive Elements (Plate 3)

In the printed 40-volume World Tipiṭaka Edition, each page displays division numbers, paragraph numbers, superscript footnote numbers, and marginal page concordances. On this website, the reading view is kept clean and distraction-free while every reference element is interactive:

Live Example from Pārājikapāḷi — Verañjakaṇḍa (1V:2)

1. 2 Tena samayena buddho bhagavā verañjāyaṁ[1] viharati naḷerupucimandamūle mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṁ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi. Assosi kho verañjo brāhmaṇo: “samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo sakyaputto sakyakulā pabbajito…”

How Print Reference Elements Map to Interactive Features on This Website
Element Example What It Means & How to Use It Here
Division Number Badge 1. Indicates the canonical text division (khandhaka, sutta, sikkhāpada, or vatthu number) within the book.
Paragraph Number Badge 2 Indicates the sequential paragraph number within the book (e.g. 1V:2 or 1V:0002). Click any paragraph badge on a reading page to open a popover to Copy Permalink (#p_1V_2), Copy Citation (1V:2), or open that paragraph in Page Concordances, Critical Notes, or Verses.
Footnote Reference verañjāyaṁ[1] Indicates a critical apparatus note in the Tipiṭaka Studies Reference. Click [1] on any reading page to preview the note in a floating card without scrolling to the bottom of the page. Edition abbreviations (such as sī, syā1-3, pā1) show explanatory tooltips on hover.
Cross-Reference Link 24Mn:1898, 1V.15/1 Cross-references inside footnotes (both colon-style Book:Paragraph and dot/slash-style Book.Division/Paragraph) are hyperlinked directly to the target page and paragraph on this website.
Page Concordances 1B2, 1C1, 1Ch¹1, 3P¹1, 1S1, 87V1 In the printed books, marginal codes show the volume and page in other Tipiṭaka editions (e.g. 1B2 = Vol. 1, Page 2 of the Buddhajayantī Edition; 3P¹1 = Vol. 3, Page 1 of the PTS 1st Edition). On this website, click any paragraph badge or visit Page Concordances to filter and search all 164,784 concordance mappings.
Pāḷi Word Index aggisālā [aggisālā] — 15 In the printed volumes, the end-of-volume index lists every word’s headword, IPA pronunciation, and occurrences. On this website, visit the Pāḷi Word Index to search all 146,693 headwords across all 88 books with clickable occurrence badges.

3. Reference to Pāḷi Tipiṭaka Editions in Various Scripts (Plates 4 & 5)

The table below explains the abbreviations used in both the Page Concordances (Concordance Code) and the Critical Apparatus Footnotes (Note Abbr.) across the international Tipiṭaka editions collated by the World Tipiṭaka Project:

Abbreviations of Collated Pāḷi Tipiṭaka Editions in Various National Scripts
# Script Vols. Concordance Code Footnote Abbr. Tipiṭaka Edition Title Years (B.E. / C.E.) Published In
1 Siam (Thai) 39 C syā1
Chulachomklao of Siam Pāḷi Tipiṭaka
Pāḷi Tipiṭaka of King Chulachomklao the Great of Siam (Rama V)
B.E. 2436 (1893) Bangkok, Siam (Thailand)
2 Thai 45 — syā2
Syāmaraṭṭhassa Tepiṭakaṁ (1st Royal Thai Script)
Pāḷi Tipiṭaka of Siam (King Rama VII Edition)
B.E. 2469–2471 (1926–1928) Bangkok, Thailand
3 Thai 45 S syā3 / syā1-3
Syāmaraṭṭhassa Tepiṭakaṁ
Pāḷi Tipiṭaka of Siam in Thai Script (Mahāmakuta Edition)
B.E. 2538 (1995) Bangkok, Thailand
4 Thai 45 B (Thai) / Mc —
Mahācūḷātepiṭakaṁ / Buddhajayantī Thai Edition
Pāḷi Tipiṭaka of Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya
B.E. 2500–2533 (1957–1990) Bangkok, Thailand
5 Thai 45 D —
Dayyaraṭṭhassa Saṅgītitepiṭakaṁ
Pāḷi Tipiṭaka of Thailand Council in Thai Script
B.E. 2530 (1987) Bangkok, Thailand
6 Burmese 40 Ch1 cha1
Chaṭṭhasaṅgīti Piṭakaṁ (1st Printing)
Pāḷi Tipiṭaka of the Sixth Council in Burmese Script (1st ed.)
B.E. 2496–2499 (1952–1955) Yangon, Myanmar
7 Burmese 40 Ch2 cha2
Chaṭṭhasaṅgīti Piṭakaṁ (2nd Printing)
Pāḷi Tipiṭaka of the Sixth Council in Burmese Script (2nd ed.)
B.E. 2500–2506 (1956–1962) Yangon, Myanmar
8 Burmese 40 — cha3 / ma / ka-ma
Maramma Tipiṭaka / Later Chaṭṭhasaṅgīti Printings
Burmese Pañcamasaṅgīti & 1997 Chaṭṭhasaṅgīti reprints in notes
B.E. 2541 (1997) Yangon / Mandalay, Myanmar
9 Sinhala 52 B (Sinhala) sī / ka-sī
Buddhajayantītripiṭakagranthamālā
Buddhajayantī Tipiṭaka Series & earlier Sinhala editions
B.E. 2501–2531 (1957–1989) Colombo, Sri Lanka
10 Mūla (Khmer) 112 Kh ka / kam / ka-ma
Phratraitipiṭakapāḷi (Kambuja Tipiṭaka)
Pāḷi Tipiṭaka of Cambodia in Khmer Mūla Script
B.E. 2501–2512 (1958–1969) Phnom Penh, Cambodia
11 Laotian 3 L —
Lāvaraṭṭhassa Tepiṭakapāḷi
Pāḷi Tipiṭaka of Laos in Laotian Script
B.E. 2500 (1957–1969) Vientiane, Laos
12 Devanāgarī 41 N —
Nālandā-Devanāgarī-Pāḷi-Series Tipiṭaka
The Pāḷi Tipiṭaka of Nālandā in Devanāgarī Script
B.E. 2500–2505 (1956–1961) Varanasi / Nalanda, India
13 Devanāgarī 55 / 140 V —
Vipassanā Research Institute (VRI) Tipiṭaka
Chaṭṭhasaṅgīti Tipiṭaka of VRI in Devanāgarī Script
B.E. 2537–2542 (1993–1998) Igatpuri, India
14 Roman 56 P1 pā1 / pā1-2
Pāli Text Society (1st Edition)
The Pāli Text Society Series in Roman Script (1st ed.)
B.E. 2424–2535 (1881–1992) London / Oxford, UK
15 Roman 5 P2 pā2 / pā1-2
Pāli Text Society (2nd Edition)
The Pāli Text Society Series in Roman Script (2nd ed.)
B.E. 2517–2541 (1974–1998) London / Oxford, UK
16 Roman 40 M —
Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka Buddhavasse 2500 (This Website)
The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Roman Script (2005 / 2020)
B.E. 2545, 2548, 2563 (2002–2020) Bangkok, Thailand

4. Guide to Pāḷi Pronunciation: The 41 Pāḷi Sounds (Plates 7 & 8)

According to the ancient Kaccāyana Pāḷi Grammar (Akkharāpādayo ekacattālīsaṁ), Pāḷi comprises 41 sounds: 8 vowels (sara) and 33 consonants (vyañjana, divided into 25 classified vagga consonants and 8 unclassified avagga consonants). Both Roman Pāḷi and International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) transcriptions are used side-by-side in our Pāḷi Word Index:

The 8 Pāḷi Vowels (Sara) — Short (Lahu) vs. Long (Garu)
Articulation Place Short Vowel (Lahu — 1 Metre) Long Vowel (Garu — 2 Metres) Pronunciation Note
Velar (Kaṇṭhaja — Throat) a   [a] ā   [aː] Open vowel as in hut (short) vs. father (long)
Palatal (Tāluja — Hard Palate) i   [i] ī   [iː] Close front vowel as in bit (short) vs. machine (long)
Labial (Oṭṭhaja — Lips) u   [u] ū   [uː] Close back rounded vowel as in put (short) vs. rule (long)
Palato-Velar (Kaṇṭhatāluja) e (before double consonant) e   [eː] Naturally long [eː] as in they; short before two consonants (e.g. mettā)
Labio-Velar (Kaṇṭhoṭṭhaja) o (before double consonant) o   [oː] Naturally long [oː] as in go; short before two consonants (e.g. bhoggo)
The 33 Pāḷi Consonants (Vyañjana) by Place (Ṭhāna) & Manner (Karaṇa) of Articulation (Plate 8)
Place of Articulation (Ṭhāna) Voiceless Unaspirated (Aghosa Sithila) Voiceless Aspirated (Aghosa Dhanita) Voiced Unaspirated (Ghosa Sithila) Voiced Aspirated (Ghosa Dhanita) Nasal (Nāsikaṭṭhānaja) Avagga (Liquids, Approximants & Fricatives)
Velar (Kaṇṭhaja) k [k] kh [kʰ] g [g] gh [ɡʱ] ṅ [ŋ] h [ɦ] (Glottal)
Palatal (Tāluja) c [c] ch [cʰ] j [ɟ] jh [ɟʱ] ñ [ɲ] y [j]
Post-Alveolar / Retroflex (Muddhaja) ṭ [ʈ] ṭh [ʈʰ] ḍ [ɖ] ḍh [ɖʱ] ṇ [ɳ] r [ɻ],   ḷ [ɭ]
Dental (Dantaja) t [t̪] th [t̪ʰ] d [d̪] dh [d̪ʱ] n [n̪] l [l̪],   s [s̪]
Bilabial / Labio-Dental (Oṭṭhaja) p [p] ph [pʰ] b [b] bh [bʱ] m [m] v [ʋ] (Labio-dental)
Niggahīta (Pure Nasal) Nasalized resonance following a short vowel (aṁ, iṁ, uṁ) ṁ [ã / ŋ]
Non-Cluster (Geminate) vs. Cluster Consonants in Pāḷi Pronunciation (Plate 7)
Non-Cluster Sound (Geminate / Final Arrest) IPA & Syllabic Division Cluster Sound Only (Onset Consonant Cluster) IPA & Syllabic Division
kallaṁ (กัลล์) [kal̪-l̪aṁ] — first l closes syllable kalyā (กัลยา) [ka-l̪jaː] — ly forms a cluster onset
akkhittā (อักขิต์ตา) [ak-kʰit̪-t̪aː] — geminate stops hitvā (หิตวา) [ɦi-t̪ʋaː] — tv forms a cluster onset
mettā (เมต์ตา) [met̪-t̪aː] — short e before geminate tt petvā (เปตวา) [peː-t̪ʋaː] — long eː before cluster tv
bhoggo (โภค์โค) [bʱog-goː] — short o before geminate gg ārogyā (อาโรคยา) [aː-roː-gjaː] — long oː before cluster gy

5. Complete Directory of the 40 Volumes & 88 Books (Plates 1 & 2)

In every book code (such as 1V, 12S1, or 40P24), the leading number (1–40) indicates the Volume Number in the 40-volume printed edition, while the letters and trailing number identify the specific Pāḷi Book (1–88) and its canonical paragraph range:

All 88 Books of the World Tipiṭaka Edition with Paragraph Ranges & Direct Links
Pāḷi # Book Code Paragraph Range Book Title (Roman & Thai Pāḷi) Quick Links
1 1V 1V:0001–2438
ปาราชิกปาฬิ (1V)
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2 2V 2V:0001–3585
ปาจิต์ติยปาฬิ (2V)
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3 3V 3V:0001–2044
มหาวัค์คปาฬิ (3V)
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4 4V 4V:0001–2303
จูฬวัค์คปาฬิ (4V)
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5 5V 5V:0001–2479
ปริวารปาฬิ (5V)
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6 6D 6D:0001–0961
สีลัก์ขัน์ธวัค์คปาฬิ (6D)
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7 7D 7D:0001–1150
มหาวัค์คปาฬิ (7D)
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8 8D 8D:0001–1376
ปาถิกวัค์คปาฬิ (8D)
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9 9M 9M:0001–1781
มูลปัณ์ณาสปาฬิ (9M)
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10 10M 10M:0001–1552
มัช์ฌิมปัณ์ณาสปาฬิ (10M)
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11 11M 11M:0001–1296
อุปริปัณ์ณาสปาฬิ (11M)
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12 12S1 12S1:0001–1706
สคาถาวัค์คสํยุต์ตปาฬิ (12S1)
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13 12S2 12S2:0001–1320
นิทานวัค์คสํยุต์ตปาฬิ (12S2)
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14 13S3 13S3:0001–1358
ขัน์ธวัค์คสํยุต์ตปาฬิ (13S3)
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15 13S4 13S4:0001–1837
สฬายตนวัค์คสํยุต์ตปาฬิ (13S4)
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16 14S5 14S5:0001–2557
มหาวัค์คสํยุต์ตปาฬิ (14S5)
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17 15A1 15A1:0001–0483
เอกกนิปาตปาฬิ (15A1)
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18 15A2 15A2:0001–0297
ทุกนิปาตปาฬิ (15A2)
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19 15A3 15A3:0001–1150
ติกนิปาตปาฬิ (15A3)
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20 15A4 15A4:0001–1611
จตุก์กนิปาตปาฬิ (15A4)
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21 16A5 16A5:0001–1419
ปั์จกนิปาตปาฬิ (16A5)
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22 16A6 16A6:0001–0781
ฉัก์กนิปาตปาฬิ (16A6)
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23 16A7 16A7:0001–0682
สัต์ตกนิปาตปาฬิ (16A7)
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24 17A8 17A8:0001–0863
อัฏ์กนิปาตปาฬิ (17A8)
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25 17A9 17A9:0001–0493
นวกนิปาตปาฬิ (17A9)
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26 17A10 17A10:0001–1534
ทสกนิปาตปาฬิ (17A10)
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27 17A11 17A11:0001–0233
เอกาทสกนิปาตปาฬิ (17A11)
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28 18Kh 18Kh:0001–0106
ขุท์ทกปาปาฬิ (18Kh)
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29 18Dh 18Dh:0001–0468
ธัม์มปทปาฬิ (18Dh)
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30 18Ud 18Ud:0001–0766
อุทานปาฬิ (18Ud)
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31 18It 18It:0001–0853
อิติวุต์ตกปาฬิ (18It)
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32 18Sn 18Sn:0001–1383
สุต์ตนิปาตปาฬิ (18Sn)
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33 19Vv 19Vv:0001–1148
วิมานวัต์ถุปาฬิ (19Vv)
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34 19Pv 19Pv:0001–0885
เปตวัต์ถุปาฬิ (19Pv)
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35 19Th1 19Th1:0001–1664
เถรคาถาปาฬิ (19Th1)
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36 19Th2 19Th2:0001–0617
เถรีคาถาปาฬิ (19Th2)
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37 20Ap1 20Ap1:0001–7892
เถราปทานปาฬิ (20Ap1)
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38 20Ap2 20Ap2:0001–1465
เถรีอปทานปาฬิ (20Ap2)
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39 21Bu 21Bu:0001–1099
พุท์ธวํสปาฬิ (21Bu)
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40 21Cp 21Cp:0001–0419
จริยาปิฏกปาฬิ (21Cp)
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41 22J 22J:0001–3638
ชาตกปาฬิ (22J)
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42 23J 23J:0001–3803
ชาตกปาฬิ (23J)
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43 24Mn 24Mn:0001–2070
มหานิท์เทสปาฬิ (24Mn)
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44 25Cn 25Cn:0001–1575
จูฬนิท์เทสปาฬิ (25Cn)
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45 26Ps 26Ps:0001–1947
ปฏิสัม์ภิทามัค์คปาฬิ (26Ps)
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46 27Ne 27Ne:0001–1143
เนต์ติปาฬิ (27Ne)
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47 27Pe 27Pe:0001–1003
เปฏโกปเทสปาฬิ (27Pe)
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48 28Mi 28Mi:0001–2032
มิลิน์ทปั๎หปาฬิ (28Mi)
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49 29Dhs 29Dhs:0001–2329
ธัม์มสํคณีปาฬิ (29Dhs)
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50 30Vbh 30Vbh:0001–3258
วิภํคปาฬิ (30Vbh)
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51 31Dht 31Dht:0001–0643
ธาตุกถาปาฬิ (31Dht)
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52 31Pu 31Pu:0001–0550
ปุค์คลปั์ัต์ติปาฬิ (31Pu)
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53 32Kv 32Kv:0001–2805
กถาวัต์ถุปาฬิ (32Kv)
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54 33Y1 33Y1:0001–0262
มูลยมกปาฬิ (33Y1)
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55 33Y2 33Y2:0001–0994
ขัน์ธยมกปาฬิ (33Y2)
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56 33Y3 33Y3:0001–1941
อายตนยมกปาฬิ (33Y3)
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57 33Y4 33Y4:0001–0244
ธาตุยมกปาฬิ (33Y4)
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58 33Y5 33Y5:0001–0824
สัจ์จยมกปาฬิ (33Y5)
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59 34Y6 34Y6:0001–0686
สํขารยมกปาฬิ (34Y6)
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60 34Y7 34Y7:0001–2331
อนุสยยมกปาฬิ (34Y7)
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61 34Y8 34Y8:0001–0563
จิต์ตยมกปาฬิ (34Y8)
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62 35Y9 35Y9:0001–0959
ธัม์มยมกปาฬิ (35Y9)
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63 35Y10 35Y10:0001–4405
อิน์ท๎ริยยมกปาฬิ (35Y10)
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64 36P1 36P1:0001–2938
ธัม์มานุโลม (1), ติกปัฏ์านปาฬิ (1) (36P1)
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65 37P1 37P1:0001–3102
ธัม์มานุโลม (1), ติกปัฏ์านปาฬิ (1) (37P1)
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66 38P2 38P2:0001–4841
ธัม์มานุโลม (1), ทุกปัฏ์านปาฬิ (2) (38P2)
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67 39P3 39P3:0001–2767
ธัม์มานุโลม (1), ทุกติกปัฏ์านปาฬิ (3) (39P3)
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68 39P4 39P4:0001–1925
ธัม์มานุโลม (1), ติกทุกปัฏ์านปาฬิ (4) (39P4)
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69 39P5 39P5:0001–0450
ธัม์มานุโลม (1), ติกติกปัฏ์านปาฬิ (5) (39P5)
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70 39P6 39P6:0001–0304
ธัม์มานุโลม (1), ทุกทุกปัฏ์านปาฬิ (6) (39P6)
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71 40P7 40P7:0001–0086
ธัม์มปัจ์จนีย (2), ติกปัฏ์านปาฬิ (1) (40P7)
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72 40P8 40P8:0001–0313
ธัม์มปัจ์จนีย (2), ทุกปัฏ์านปาฬิ (2) (40P8)
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73 40P9 40P9:0001–0227
ธัม์มปัจ์จนีย (2), ทุกติกปัฏ์านปาฬิ (3) (40P9)
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74 40P10 40P10:0001–0209
ธัม์มปัจ์จนีย (2), ติกทุกปัฏ์านปาฬิ (4) (40P10)
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75 40P11 40P11:0001–0195
ธัม์มปัจ์จนีย (2), ติกติกปัฏ์านปาฬิ (5) (40P11)
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76 40P12 40P12:0001–0212
ธัม์มปัจ์จนีย (2), ทุกทุกปัฏ์านปาฬิ (6) (40P12)
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77 40P13 40P13:0001–0140
ธัม์มานุโลมปัจ์จนีย (3), ติกปัฏ์านปาฬิ (1) (40P13)
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78 40P14 40P14:0001–0186
ธัม์มานุโลมปัจ์จนีย (3), ทุกปัฏ์านปาฬิ (2) (40P14)
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79 40P15 40P15:0001–0291
ธัม์มานุโลมปัจ์จนีย (3), ทุกติกปัฏ์านปาฬิ (3) (40P15)
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80 40P16 40P16:0001–0351
ธัม์มานุโลมปัจ์จนีย (3), ติกทุกปัฏ์านปาฬิ (4) (40P16)
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81 40P17 40P17:0001–0142
ธัม์มานุโลมปัจ์จนีย (3), ติกติกปัฏ์านปาฬิ (5) (40P17)
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82 40P18 40P18:0001–0230
ธัม์มานุโลมปัจ์จนีย (3), ทุกทุกปัฏ์านปาฬิ (6) (40P18)
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83 40P19 40P19:0001–0108
ธัม์มปัจ์จนียานุโลม (4), ติกปัฏ์านปาฬิ (1) (40P19)
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84 40P20 40P20:0001–0167
ธัม์มปัจ์จนียานุโลม (4), ทุกปัฏ์านปาฬิ (2) (40P20)
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85 40P21 40P21:0001–0360
ธัม์มปัจ์จนียานุโลม (4), ทุกติกปัฏ์านปาฬิ (3) (40P21)
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86 40P22 40P22:0001–0262
ธัม์มปัจ์จนียานุโลม (4), ติกทุกปัฏ์านปาฬิ (4) (40P22)
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87 40P23 40P23:0001–0212
ธัม์มปัจ์จนียานุโลม (4), ติกติกปัฏ์านปาฬิ (5) (40P23)
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88 40P24 40P24:0001–0203
ธัม์มปัจ์จนียานุโลม (4), ทุกทุกปัฏ์านปาฬิ (6) (40P24)
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